Working Memory Span and Everyday Conditional Reasoning: A Trend Analysis
نویسندگان
چکیده
This study presents evidence for the role of working memory (WM) capacity in the retrieval and inhibition of counterexamples (alternatives and disablers) during everyday conditional reasoning. A total of 292 university students were given a measure of WMcapacity and a reasoning task with everyday, causal conditionals. Results show that the acceptance ratings of the logically valid Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens inferences follow a quadratic, U-shaped trend in function of WM-capacity, while acceptance ratings of the logically invalid Affirmation of the Consequent and Denial of the Antecedent inferences follow a negative linear trend. Findings support the claim that participants highest in WM-capacity spontaneously inhibit the disabler retrieval process during everyday
منابع مشابه
Everyday Conditional Reasoning with Working Memory Preload
There are two accounts explaining how background information can affect the conditional reasoning performance: the probabilistic account and the mental model account. According to the mental model theory reasoners retrieve and integrate counterexample information to attain a conclusion. According to the probabilistic account reasoners base their judgments on likelihood information. It is assume...
متن کاملبررسی کنشهای شناختی دانشآموزان دارای لکنت
Objective Stuttering is one of the most common speech disorders that generate many complications in children and adults. This disorder involves behavioral, cognitive and emotional interactions. So, the purpose of the current study is to investigate the cognitive functions of students with stuttering. Materials & Methods A descriptive study, comprising of 30 students (8 females and 22 males) fr...
متن کاملThe role of divided attention and working memory in mathematical reasoning with the mediation of mathematical knowledge and fluid intelligence in fourth grade elementary students
The purpose of the research is modeling the relationship between divided attention and working memory in mathematical reasoning with the mediation of mathematical knowledge and fluid intelligence in fourth grade elementary students. Statistical population of the research included all fourth grade male students of Primary schools in District 4 of Qom from which 213 students were randomly selecte...
متن کاملComplex span versus updating tasks of working memory: the gap is not that deep.
How to best measure working memory capacity is an issue of ongoing debate. Besides established complex span tasks, which combine short-term memory demands with generally unrelated secondary tasks, there exists a set of paradigms characterized by continuous and simultaneous updating of several items in working memory, such as the n-back, memory updating, or alpha span tasks. With a latent variab...
متن کاملSimulation of the Negative Conclusion Bias with INFERNET
Modeling human conditional reasoning of the type “if p then q” containing negations poses a challenge for connectionism. An integrate-and-fire pulsed network (INFERNET) was used to model this type of conditional reasoning. This model also provides an insight on certain human limitations. The model is compared to empirical data, and classical explanations. Statistical analysis shows that the mod...
متن کامل